Currently, the painful condition is treated through invasive surgeries to remove tissue lesions
Nanotechnology could help treat endometriosis, locating and removing painful, dangerous lesions in the ovaries, fallopian tubes and pelvis without invasive surgery, researchers from Oregon Health & Science University and Oregon State University found.
Endometriosis is a gynecological condition in which the endometrium tissue that normally lines the uterus forms lesions outside of the uterus. It causes infertility and severe pelvic pain in about 190 million women worldwide — roughly 10% of childbearing-age women. There is currently no cure.
Co-lead authors Ov Slayden, Ph.D., and Oleh Taratula, Ph.D., discussed their new paper detailing the approach on Oregon Public Broadcasting’s “Think Out Loud” program on April 29, the week following the paper’s publication in the journal Small.
Slayden, a professor in the OHSU Oregon National Primate Research Center, developed the animal model to test the iron oxide nanoparticles invented by Taratula, a professor in the OSU College of Pharmacy.
Iron oxide nanoparticles — the tiny particles about 1/1000th the size of a speck of dust — were injected intravenously into mice to locate lesions; they accumulated in the tissue lesions, enabling them to be identified by imaging.
Once the nanoparticles were in the lesions, they were exposed to an alternating magnetic field, causing the nanoparticles’ temperature to reach more than 120 degrees Fahrenheit — hot enough to remove the lesions with heat rather than surgery.
“Normally, treatment for endometriosis requires invasive surgical ablation of lesions. Lesions can return again and again, so that can mean multiple surgeries,” said Slayden, who has joint appointments in the OHSU School of Medicine departments of obstetrics and gynecology and physiology and pharmacology. “This treatment could provide a non-surgical option for treating the disease, which would be a dramatic quality-of-life improvement for the many millions of people who suffer from endometriosis.”
To test the nanoparticles, researchers transplanted endometriotic tissue from macaque primates into mice, to simulate endometriosis lesions.
The mice were injected with a low dose of nanoparticles that had been modified with a peptide specially designed to target a receptor that is abundant in endometriosis cells. By targeting that receptor, the nanoparticles were able to locate and accumulate in the lesions.
With the nanoparticles acting as a contrast agent spotlighting the lesions, OHSU radiologists Khashayar Farsad, M.D., Ph.D., associate professor of interventional radiology in the OHSU School of Medicine, and Cory Wyatt, Ph.D., research assistant professor of diagnostic radiology in the OHSU School of Medicine, were able to effectively image the lesions.
“Nanoparticle technology could be a future diagnostic tool in the treatment of endometriosis,” Farsad said. “Right now, the lesions are identified during laparoscopic surgery. The nanoparticle approach would provide a non-surgical method evaluating the disease, making identifying and treating lesions less invasive and less risky.”
To achieve a temperature hot enough to remove the lesions, OSU researchers developed nanoparticles that were hexagonal-shaped rather than spherical; the hexagonal shape has more than six times the heating efficiency once it’s exposed to an alternating magnetic field.
The research team’s next step is to apply their approach to a non-human primate model.
This research was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R21HD098642 and R01HD101450) and the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (R01CA237569 and R37CA234006), Oregon National Primate Research Center (NIH OD011092), and College of Pharmacy at Oregon State University (OSU). The authors thank Parinaz Ghanbari for her help with the graphical abstract. Electron microscopy was performed using the Multiscale Microscopy Core at OHSU. Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy analysis was carried out at OSU Electron Microscopy Facility, with technical assistance from Dr. Peter Eschbach. The authors would like to express their gratitude to the veterinarian staff at the ONPRC Division of Comparative Medicine for their care of the animals. ICP-MS measurements were performed by Dr. Martina Ralle at the OHSU Elemental Analysis Core with partial support from NIH core grant S10RR025512.
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All research involving animal subjects at OHSU must be reviewed and approved by the university’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). The IACUC’s priority is to ensure the health and safety of animal research subjects. The IACUC also reviews procedures to ensure the health and safety of the people who work with the animals. The IACUC conducts a rigorous review of all animal research proposals to ensure they justify the use of live animals and species selected; outline steps to minimize pain and distress; document appropriate training of all staff involved; and, establish, through a detailed review of published sources, the proposed study does not unnecessarily duplicate previous research. No live animal work may be conducted at OHSU without IACUC approval.
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